The EPA addressed this question well: https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/electric-vehicle-myths
FACT: Electric vehicle battery replacements due to failures are uncommon.
Unlike starter batteries used in gasoline vehicles, electric vehicle drivetrain batteries are designed to last the lifetime of the vehicle and recent data shows they have very low failure rates. A recent study of about 15,000 vehicles from the earliest models through model year 2023 showed that electric vehicle battery replacements due to failure have been rare, at an average of 2.5%, outside of major recalls. (https://www.recurrentauto.com/research/how-long-do-ev-batteries-last) Vehicle and battery technologies have improved since 2010, when modern EVs first entered the market, and since model year 2016 they have had less than a 0.5% failure rate. The majority of these batteries would have been covered as part of the manufacturer’s warranty.
Batteries do tend to lose some of their initial range over time, but this study found that 97.5% of EVs are still using their original batteries (outside major recalls), and the replacement rate falls to under one percent for EVs made from 2016 onward. Current batteries and technologies have vastly improved since 2010, with expectations to improve performance and reliability while reducing impacts to the environment. Visit Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office to learn about the future of EV batteries.